Factors Increasing Lung Cancer Risk in Never-Smoking Women

Study start date: June 30, 2026

Criteria: * Female at birth * Age 40-74 years * No smoking history * Participants must be never-smokers, defined as having smoked \<100 cigarettes in their lifetime * Documentation of disease - case patients o Case patients must have pathologically confirmed primary lung adenocarcinoma. New and prevalent cases will be eligible. Case patients with a history of prior non-lung cancer will be eligible for the study unless actively being diagnosed or treated for another form of cancer at the time of enrollment. * Criteria for control participants * Control participants must have no personal history of lung cancer, symptoms suspicious for lung cancer, or suspicious pulmonary nodules. Participants recruited as controls and found on imaging to have lesions suspicious for lung cancer will be excluded from analysis and followed prospectively. Data regarding these participants will be reported in a sensitivity analysis. Additional control participants will be recruited to ensure balanced age- and race-matched enrollment by frequency matching. Control participants with a history of prior non-lung cancer will be eligible for the study unless actively being diagnosed or treated for another form of cancer at the time of enrollment.