PVI-Guided Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution for Precise Volume Management in Cardiac Surgery

This study focuses on a blood conservation strategy called Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH). ANH is used during surgeries to reduce blood loss and the need for donor blood transfusions. It involves taking a certain amount of blood from the patient before surgery and replacing it with fluids, so the blood lost during surgery has less red blood cells. After surgery, the patient's own blood is returned to them. The study aims to improve this process for heart surgery patients by using a measure called the Pleth Variability Index (PVI). PVI helps doctors understand how well a patient's blood vessels are filled with fluid. The goal is to make ANH safer and more effective, potentially reducing the need for donor blood and complications related to surgery. During the study, participants undergoing heart surgery will have their ANH process guided by PVI. This means doctors will use PVI to decide how much fluid to give the patient. The main goal is to manage the patient's fluid levels more precisely. The study will measure this by looking at the amount of a specific type of fluid, called crystalloid, used during the surgery. The study also aims to find out if using PVI can reduce the need for donor blood transfusions and lower the risk of complications after surgery.