Evaluation of Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Different Drug Co-administration in Heart Failure Treatment

This study focuses on understanding the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of different drug combinations used for treating heart failure. Heart failure patients often receive various drug prescriptions for different reasons. The study considers five types of heart failure medications, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), beta-blockers, spironolactone, sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors, and vericiguat. By evaluating these different drug combinations, the study aims to provide insights that could improve heart failure treatment and address the need for more effective care. During the study, researchers record and analyze three primary outcomes. First, they document hospital mortality, which includes any death related to heart failure. Second, they measure the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of patients. LVEF, a key indicator of the heart's pumping capability, is determined through an echocardiogram, which is the gold standard for identifying left ventricular dysfunction. Lastly, they monitor B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, a biomarker associated with heart failure. Higher BNP levels can signify increased left ventricular dysfunction and worsening symptoms.