Sepsis in ICU: Causes and Outcomes in Diabetics and Non Diabetics in Assiut University Hospital

Sepsis, is defined as an infection with organ dysfunction, There is wide variation in sepsis rates, causative microorganisms, and outcome in ICU patients around the world. Many conservative estimates considered sepsis as a leading cause of mortality and critical illness worldwide . sepsis epidemiology studies worldwide revealed a highly variable incidence of 13-300 per 100,000 inhabitants per year for severe sepsis and 11 per 100,000 inhabitants per year for septic shock . Factors such as advancing age, immunosuppression and multidrug-resistant infection play a role in increasing incidence of sepsis during recent decades . Patients who survive sepsis often have long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive disabilities with significant health and social implications. Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing infections and sepsis and they constitute 20.1-22.7% of all sepsis patients. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in ICU patients is as high as 30%, And such patients are at increased risk of experiencing in-hospital Complications, compared to patients without diabetes. Infective complications may be reduced with lower blood glucose concentrations Moreover, in critically ill patients without diabetes, Hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality, risk of infection, Kidney injury and cardiovascular complications. Moreover, diabetes is a major risk factor for both Acute Kidney Injury and sepsis. Sepsis also is a major cause of Acute Kidney Injury, which develops in one-fourth of all patients with sepsis and half of patients with bacteraemia or shock . Sepsis-related AKI is associated with high mortality rates of up to 70%.