Completed

Effects of Daily Butter & Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil on Lipoproteins When Added to Baseline Diet a Randomized Controlled Trial

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What is being tested

MCT oil + Butter in Coffee

Dietary Supplement
Who is being recruted

Cardiovascular Diseases+3

+ Hyperlipidemias

+ Metabolic Diseases

From 18 to 45 Years
See all eligibility criteria
How is the trial designed

Prevention Study

Placebo-Controlled
Interventional
Study Start: March 2016
See protocol details

Summary

Principal SponsorWalter Reed National Military Medical Center
Last updated: January 28, 2026
Sourced from a government-validated database.Claim as a partner

Study start date: March 8, 2016

Actual date on which the first participant was enrolled.

Research Design A prospective randomized controlled interventional study Methodology /Technical Approach A total of up to 60 subjects will be recruited to allow for completion of the study by a minimum of 17 subjects per arm. Subjects will be randomized to one of two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Recruited subjects will be adult coffee drinkers between the ages of 18-45 without hyperlipidemia and without criteria for diabetes or pre-diabetes. Subjects will have baseline weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood-pressure (BP) measurements obtained. Subjects will have baseline fasting lipids,, CMP,HbA1c,TSH,and hsCRP. The subjects will be stratified by gender and randomized to receive one of two dietary regimens: 1) coffee (< 50 kcal of added creamer/sweetener) or 2) coffee with butter + medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil combination (2 tbsp. MCT containing 230kcal and 28gm fat+ 2 tbsp butter containing 200kcal and 22gm fat). The drink will be consumed daily over a 4 week period. Dietary history will be evaluated by via the ASA24website (http://appliedresearch.cancer.gov/asa24/). At 6 and 12 weeks post-consent, baseline labs will be repeated. The primary outcome is change in apolipoprotein B between groups. Secondary outcomes include changes in lipids, WC, BP, HbA1c, and FBG. Exploratory analysis will include changes in dietary macronutrient load and subgroup analysis of effects related to dietary patterns. Primary objective: 1\. Evaluate clinically and statistically significant changes of apoB number in healthy adults who consume coffee with butter and MCT oil. Secondary objectives: 1\. Evaluating change in: 1. non-HDL-c 2. LDL-c 3. triglycerides 4. BP 5. waist circumference 6. FBG 7. HbA1c Exploratory objective: 1\. Change in macronutrient profiles of dietary patterns. Our null hypothesis is that the addition of butter and medium-chain triglyceride oil at proposed doses has no clinically significant effects on atherogenic lipoproteins, namely apo lipoprotein B particles (apoB).

Official TitleEffects of Daily Butter & Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil on Lipoproteins When Added to Baseline Diet a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT02611102
Principal SponsorWalter Reed National Military Medical Center
Last updated: January 28, 2026
Sourced from a government-validated database.Claim as a partner

Protocol

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
Design Details

80 patients to be enrolled

Total number of participants that the clinical trial aims to recruit.

Prevention Study

Prevention studies aim to stop a disease from developing. They often involve people at risk and test things like vaccines, lifestyle changes, or preventive medications.



Eligibility

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria: person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Conditions
Criteria

Any sex

Biological sex of participants that are eligible to enroll.

From 18 to 45 Years

Range of ages for which participants are eligible to join.

Healthy volunteers allowed

If individuals who are healthy and do not have the condition being studied can participate.

Conditions

Pathology

Cardiovascular DiseasesHyperlipidemiasMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesDyslipidemiasLipid Metabolism Disorders

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: 1. DoD healthcare beneficiaries 2. willing to drink 2 to 4 cups of coffee daily 3. between the ages of 18 to 45 4. serum LDL-c \< 160, 5. non-HDL-c \< 190 6. apoB \< 120 Exclusion Criteria: 1. BMI \> 30kg/m2 or \< 20kg/m2 or waist circumference \> 102cm (males) or 88cm (females) 2. Triglycerides \> 150 3. Hypertension defined as SBP \> 150, DBP \> 90 or on treatment for high blood pressure 4. Chronic liver disease defined by any clinical or a history of serum AST or ALT \> 3 times ULN 5. Kidney disease defined as a GFR \<90 ml/min or history of nephritic syndrome 6. Impaired glucose metabolism defined as HbA1c \> 5.6, FBG \> 99, or 2-hour OGTT \> 139 7. Any known malignancy 8. Known malabsorption disorder to include inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, history of gastric bypass 9. Hypothyroidism per lab evaluation at baseline 10. Pregnancy 11. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or irregular menstrual periods 12. Subjects taking certain medications such as glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, sirolimus, etc.), tamoxifen, androgens, antipsychotics, hydrochlorothiazide, retinoids, beta-blockers, statins, bile acid sequestrants, niacin, fibrates, ezetimibe, high dose fish oil (\>1gm/day epa + dha), or any other supplement or pharmacologic agent known to alter lipoproteins a. If on hormonal contraceptives, lipid panel must be stable over the past 12-24 months 13. Cushing's syndrome per medical history or clinical suspicion 14. HIV per medical history 15. Chronic Inflammatory Disorders such as, but not limited to, SLE, RA, IBD per medical history 16. History of tobacco use within the previous 12 months to include cigarettes, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars, and pipes. 17. History of marijuana use within the previous 12 months 18. Active intentional weight loss of over 5% in the past 3 months

Study Plan

Find out more about all the medication administered in this study, their detailed description and what they involve.
Treatment Groups
Study Objectives

2 intervention groups are designated in this study

50% chance of being blinded to the placebo group

Treatment Groups

Group I

Placebo
This group will continue to drink their normal daily coffee with \< 50kcal of creamer and/or sweetener.

Group II

Experimental
This group will be provided with MCT oil and butter to add to their daily coffee intake.

Study Objectives

Primary Objectives

Secondary Objectives

Study Centers

These are the hospitals, clinics, or research facilities where the trial is being conducted. You can find the location closest to you and its status.

This study has 1 location

Suspended

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Bethesda, United StatesOpen Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Google Maps
CompletedOne Study Center
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