Completed

A Phase II Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in the Treatment of Patients With Medically Inoperable Stage I/II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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What is being tested

stereotactic body radiation therapy

Radiation
Who is being recruted

Bronchial Neoplasms
+7

+ Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
+ Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Over 18 Years
See all eligibility criteria
How is the trial designed

Treatment Study

Phase 2
Interventional
Study Start: May 2004
See protocol details

Summary

Principal SponsorRadiation Therapy Oncology Group
Last updated: January 18, 2026
Sourced from a government-validated database.Claim as a partner
Study start date: May 1, 2004Actual date on which the first participant was enrolled.

OBJECTIVES: Primary * Determine whether treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy results in acceptable local control (i.e., ≥ 80%) in patients with medically inoperable stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer. Secondary * Determine treatment-related toxicity in patients treated with this therapy. * Determine disease-free survival, overall survival, and patterns of failure in patients treated with this therapy. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients receive 3 fractions of stereotactic body radiotherapy over 8-14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed up at 6 and 12 weeks, every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 2 years, and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 52 patients will be accrued for this study within 26 months.

Official TitleA Phase II Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in the Treatment of Patients With Medically Inoperable Stage I/II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 
NCT00087438
Principal SponsorRadiation Therapy Oncology Group
Last updated: January 18, 2026
Sourced from a government-validated database.Claim as a partner

Protocol

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
Design Details
59 patients to be enrolledTotal number of participants that the clinical trial aims to recruit.
Treatment Study
These studies test new ways to treat a disease, condition, or health issue. The goal is to see if a new drug, therapy, or approach works better or has fewer side effects than existing options.

How participants are assigned to different groups/arms
In this clinical study, all participants receive the same treatment. Since there is only one group, there is no need for randomization or assignment to different arms. This type of study is often used to test a new treatment without comparing it to another.

Other Ways to Assign Participants
Randomized allocation: Participants are assigned randomly, like flipping a coin, to ensure fairness and reduce bias.
Non-randomized allocation: Participants are assigned based on specific factors, such as their medical condition or a doctor's decision.

How treatments are given to participants
In this study, all participants receive the same treatment. This approach is often used to evaluate the effects of a single intervention without comparing it to another.

Other Ways to Assign Treatments
Parallel assignment: Participants are split into separate groups, each receiving a different treatment.
Cross-over assignment: Participants switch between treatments during the study.
Factorial assignment: Participants receive different combinations of treatments.
Sequential assignment: Participants receive treatments one after another in a specific order, possibly based on individual responses.
Other assignment: Treatment assignment does not follow a standard or predefined design.

How the effectiveness of the treatment is controlled
In a non placebo-controlled study, no participants receive an inert substance (placebo) to compare outcomes. Instead, all participants receive either the experimental treatment or an alternative treatment (often the Standard of Care). This method allows researchers to compare the effects of the experimental treatment with those of a different active intervention, rather than a placebo.

Other Options
Placebo-Controlled: A placebo is used to compare the effects of the experimental treatment with those of an inert substance, isolating the true treatment effect.

How the interventions assigned to participants is kept confidential
Everyone involved in the study knows which treatment is being given. This is typically used when it's not possible or necessary to hide the treatment details from participants or researchers.

Other Ways to Mask Information
Single-blind: Participants do not know which treatment they are receiving, but researchers do.
Double-blind: Neither participants nor researchers know which treatment is given.
Triple-blind: Participants, researchers, and outcome assessors do not know which treatment is given.
Quadruple-blind: Participants, researchers, outcome assessors, and care providers all do not know which treatment is given.

Eligibility

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria: person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Conditions
Criteria
Any sexBiological sex of participants that are eligible to enroll.
Over 18 YearsRange of ages for which participants are eligible to join.
Healthy volunteers not allowedIf individuals who are healthy and do not have the condition being studied can participate.
Conditions
Pathology
Bronchial Neoplasms
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Lung Diseases
Lung Neoplasms
Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
Thoracic Neoplasms
Criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) * The following primary cancer subtypes are eligible: * Squamous cell carcinoma * Adenocarcinoma * Large cell carcinoma * Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma * Non-small cell carcinoma not otherwise specified * Stage I or II disease based on 1 of the following tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage criteria: * T1, N0, M0 * T2 (≤ 5 cm), N0, M0 * T3 (≤ 5 cm), N0, M0 (chest wall primary tumors only) * No primary tumor of any T-stage within or touching the zone of the proximal bronchial tree\* NOTE: \*Defined as a volume 2 cm in all directions around the proximal bronchial tree (carina, right and left main bronchi, right and left upper lobe bronchi, intermedius bronchus, right middle lobe bronchus, lingular bronchus, and right and left lower lobe bronchi) * No primary T3 tumors involving the central chest (≤ 2 cm toward carina invasion) or structures of the mediastinum * Any hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes \> 1 cm on CT scan OR demonstrating suspicious uptake on positron-emission tomography scan must be biopsied and confirmed negative for NSCLC * The primary tumor must be deemed technically resectable with a reasonable possibility of obtaining a gross total resection with negative margins (defined as a potentially curative resection (PCR)) * Deemed medically inoperable based on pulmonary function for surgical resection of NSCLC secondary to an underlying physiological problem, including any of the following medical conditions\*: * Baseline forced expiratory volume (FEV)_1\< 40% of predicted * Postoperative predicted FEV_1 \< 30% of predicted * Severely reduced diffusion capacity * Baseline hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia * Exercise oxygen consumption \< 50% of predicted * Severe pulmonary hypertension * Diabetes mellitus with severe end organ damage * Severe cerebral, cardiac, or peripheral vascular disease * Severe chronic heart disease NOTE: \*Patients who refuse a PCR due to preference, ideology, emotional or psychological issues, mental illness, or inability to give informed consent are not eligible * No evidence of regional or distant metastases PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age * 18 and over Performance status * Zubrod 0-2 Life expectancy * Not specified Hematopoietic * Not specified Hepatic * Not specified Renal * Not specified Cardiovascular * See Disease Characteristics * No active pericardial infection Pulmonary * See Disease Characteristics * No active pulmonary infection Other * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective contraception * No active systemic infection * No other concurrent illness that would preclude study participation PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy * No concurrent biologic therapy * No concurrent vaccine therapy Chemotherapy * No concurrent chemotherapy Endocrine therapy * Not specified Radiotherapy * No prior lung or mediastinal radiotherapy * No concurrent standard fractionated radiotherapy * No concurrent intensity modulated radiotherapy * No concurrent cobalt-60 or charged particle beams (including electrons, protons, or heavier ions) Surgery * See Disease Characteristics * No concurrent surgery Other * No other concurrent antineoplastic therapy

Study Plan

Find out more about all the medication administered in this study, their detailed description and what they involve.
Treatment Groups
Study Objectives
One single intervention group 

is designated in this study

This study does not include a placebo group 

Treatment Groups
Group I
Experimental
20 Gy per fraction for 3 fractions over 1.5-2 weeks, for a total of 60 Gy

Study Objectives
Primary Objectives

Local control is defined as absence of local failure, which is defined as the combination of primary tumor failure (PTF) or involved lobe failure (ILF). PTF was defined based on meeting two criteria: 1. Local enlargement defined as ≥ 20% increase in the longest diameter of the gross tumor volume (GTV) per computerized tomography (CT), and 2. Evidence of tumor viability. Tumor viability could be affirmed by either demonstrating positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with uptake of a similar intensity as the pretreatment staging PET, or by repeat biopsy confirming carcinoma. PTF included marginal failures occurring within 1 cm of the planning target volume (PTV). ILF is defined as failure beyond the primary tumor but within the involved lobe. Local control time is defined as time from start of treatment to the the date of local recurrence, last known follow-up (censored), or death without local failure (censored). Rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Secondary Objectives

Specified adverse events are defined as any treatment-related adverse events that are grade 4, grade 5, or any of the following treatment-related grade 3 adverse events: * Gastrointestinal: dysphagia, esophagitis, esophageal stricture, esophageal ulceration; * Cardiac: pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction; * Neurologic: myelitis, neuropathy (cranial and motor) * Hemorrhage: pulmonary or upper respiratory * Pulmonary: decline in pulmonary function as measured by pulmonary function tests, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxemia, pleural effusion. Adverse events are graded using CTCAE v3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the AE. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild AE, Grade 2 Moderate AE, Grade 3 Severe AE, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5 Death related to AE.

Local failure is defined as the combination of primary tumor failure (PTF) or involved lobe failure (ILF). PTF was defined based on meeting two criteria: 1. Local enlargement defined as ≥ 20% increase in the longest diameter of the gross tumor volume (GTV) per computerized tomography (CT), and 2. Evidence of tumor viability. Tumor viability could be affirmed by either demonstrating positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with uptake of a similar intensity as the pretreatment staging PET, or by repeat biopsy confirming carcinoma. PTF included marginal failures occurring within 1 cm of the planning target volume (PTV). ILF is defined as failure beyond the primary tumor but within the involved lobe. Time to local recurrence is defined as time from start of treatment to the the date of local recurrence, last known follow-up (censored), or death without local recurrence (censored).

Regional recurrence is defined as hilar, mediastinal, and supraclavicular nodal failure.Time to regional recurrence is defined as time from start of treatment to the date of first regional recurrence, last known follow-up (censored), or death without regional recurrence (competing risk). Rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method.

Disseminated recurrence is defined as uninvolved lobe failures and failures beyond the lungs and regional lymph nodes. Time to disseminated recurrence is defined as time from start of treatment to the the date of disseminated recurrence, last known follow-up (censored), or death without disseminated recurrence (competing risk). Rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method.

Disease is defined as local or regional progression or development of distant metastases. Disease-free survival time is defined as time from start of treatment to the date of disease, death, or last known follow-up (censored). Disease-free survival rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Overall survival time is defined as time from start of treatment to the date of death from any cause. Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact.

Study Centers

These are the hospitals, clinics, or research facilities where the trial is being conducted. You can find the location closest to you and its status.
This study has 2 locations
Suspended
James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, United StatesSee the location
Suspended
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at University of TexasHouston, United States
Completed2 Study Centers
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