OBJECTIVES: Primary * Determine whether rosiglitazone and celecoxib, administered alone or in combination, cause changes in the expression of effector molecules, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1), in patients with early-stage non-invasive carcinoma of the bladder undergoing cystoscopic surveillance or in patients with muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder undergoing radical cystectomy. Secondary * Determine whether these regimens result in changes in the expression of downstream effector molecules that mediate cellular proliferation and apoptosis in these patients. * Determine the relationship between tissue levels of biomarkers of drug effect, proliferation, and apoptosis and the systemic biomarkers of response to treatment, in terms of COX-2 activity and the levels of the endogenous PPAR-γ ligand, in patients treated with these regimens. * Determine the toxicity of these regimens in these patients. * Determine the frequency of recurrence and the time to progression in patients undergoing cystoscopic surveillance. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, pilot, cohort study. Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 cohorts according to disease stage (Ta, Tis, T1, N0, M0 vs T2-4, NX, M0). * Stage 1: * Cohort 1: Patients receive oral celecoxib twice daily and oral rosiglitazone once daily for 1 year in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. * Cohort 2: Patients receive oral celecoxib twice daily and oral rosiglitazone once daily for 14 days. Patients then undergo cystectomy. * Stage 2: Patients are randomized into 1 of 2 treatment arms. * Arm I: * Cohort 1: Patients receive oral celecoxib twice daily for 1 year in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. * Cohort 2: Patients receive oral celecoxib twice daily for 14 days. Patients then undergo cystectomy. * Arm II: * Cohort 1: Patients receive oral rosiglitazone once daily for 1 year in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. * Cohort 2: Patients receive oral rosiglitazone once daily for 14 days. Patients then undergo cystectomy. Patients in cohort 1 (in both stages) undergo cystoscopic surveillance every 3 months. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 120 patients (20 per cohort in study stage 1; 40 per treatment arm \[20 per cohort in each arm\] in study stage 2) will be accrued for this study within 12-18 months.
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically and clinically confirmed bladder cancer * Cohort 1 * Papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder * Stage Ta or T1 (grade 1 or 2), N0, M0 disease * Must have undergone complete transurethral resection of the bladder within the past 28 days AND/OR * Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder * Stage Tis, N0, M0 disease * Must have undergone biopsy within the past 28 days * No histological and pathological evidence of invasion of the underlying muscle (stage T2) * Cohort 2 * Muscle-invasive papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder * Stage T2-4, NX, M0 disease * Intending to undergo radical cystectomy * Must have had an upper tract (ureter and renal pelvic) evaluation by intravenous pyelogram, CT scan, or MRI that proved normal within the past year PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age * 18 and over Performance status * ECOG 0-2 Life expectancy * Not specified Hematopoietic * WBC \> 4,000/mm\^3 * Platelet count \> 100,000/mm\^3 Hepatic * Bilirubin \< 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) * SGOT and SGPT \< 3 times ULN Renal * Creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL Other * No other malignancy within the past 3 years except non-invasive bladder cancer, adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * No history of uncontrolled peptic ulcer disease * No history of unexplained hypoglycemia * No known sensitivity to celecoxib or rosiglitazone * No allergy to sulfonamides * No history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic reaction after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs * No underlying uncontrolled medical illness * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective contraception PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy * At least 3 months since prior intravesical BCG Chemotherapy * No prior intravesical or systemic chemotherapy Endocrine therapy * No concurrent insulin Radiotherapy * Not specified Surgery * See Disease Characteristics Other * At least 2 weeks since prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (including COX-2 inhibitors) for more than 3 consecutive days except low-dose (81 mg) aspirin * No concurrent beta-blockers * No concurrent NSAIDs * No other concurrent oral hypoglycemic agents