Study of Silicone-Associated Connective Tissue Diseases

This study will examine the possible relationship between silicone implants or injections and the connective tissue diseases scleroderma and myositis. It will explore whether certain factors in the blood or the immune system or other factors are involved in the development of these diseases following silicone implantation or injection. Men and women 18 years of age and older who meet the following criteria may be eligible for this study: Group 1-Patients who have had silicone implants or injections and who later developed scleroderma or myositis Group 2-Patients with scleroderma or myositis who have not had silicone implants or injections Group 3-Healthy volunteers who have had silicone implants or injections and did not develop symptoms or other medical features of connective tissue disorders. Participants will have a thorough history and physical examination, blood and urine tests, chest X-ray and lung function tests. In addition, patients will complete a questionnaire about their procedure (including information such as the types of implanted devices and injections, reason for the procedure, post-operative complications, other illnesses or medical conditions present before and after the procedure, etc.). This multicenter study will attempt to determine the epidemiologic, clinical, serologic and immunogenetic factors associated with patients who develop scleroderma/systemic sclerosis after silicone prosthesis implantation or silicone injection. This will be accomplished by comparing these patients to groups of appropriately matched patients with idiopathic scleroderma/systemic sclerosis without silicone exposure, and appropriately matched volunteers who have received similar silicone implants or injections and have not developed symptoms, physical examination findings, or laboratory abnormalities associated with autoimmune/connective tissue diseases. Patient and physician questionnaires will be self-administered, and will collect data regarding: the number and types of implanted silicone devices or injections; the indications for and nature of the surgical procedures; peri- and post-operative complications; initial and subsequent clinical presentations; and therapy and clinical course of the patients. Routine clinical tests and immunologic laboratory evaluations will be performed. Also, studies will be conducted on the proportion of circulating activated lymphocytes and levels of soluble mediators of inflammation (cytokines, sIL-2R, sCD4, sCD8, TNF), the types of HLA and T cell receptor genes present in the patients, and the presence and titers of anti-silicone antibodies and autoantibodies.