Metabolic Consequences of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in HIV-Positive Individuals

Close to 3 years into widespread PI use, several toxicities, including metabolic alterations, are being reported increasingly in conjunction with the use of PI-containing regimens. Some of the manifestations of these metabolic alterations include hyper/dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, lipodystrophy (in face and extremities), and body fat redistribution (e.g., central obesity and buffalo humps). Despite reports of increasing prevalence of metabolic complications among PI users, the question of whether they result from PI therapy has not been answered. Some of these complications, e.g., a decrease in peripheral fat with an increase in visceral fat and buffalo hump, have been observed in HIV-infected individuals who were not receiving PIs. This study compares 3 different antiretroviral regimens used in the FIRST study (CPCRA 058), 1 of which does not contain a PI, and examines metabolic alterations which occur. This study enrolls patients simultaneously co-enrolling in the FIRST protocol; 120 patients from each of the FIRST study strategy groups. At entry, Months 1 and 4, and then every 4 months, blood is drawn to measure serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. At entry and Months 4, 8, 12, and then every 12 months, body cell mass, and body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are assessed. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 7/5/01: At Months 4, 8, and 12, then every 4 months through closure of the FIRST protocol\] patients are weighed and skinfold measurements and body circumference measurements are done. The skinfold and body circumference measurements will be discontinued after the study has collected a minimum of 2 years of follow-up data on all participants. Statistical evaluations are performed on the data.