The Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolomics Response to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, is a preventable and curable disease characterized by irreversible airflow limitation. The progressive lung involvement, systemic inflammation, respiratory and peripheral muscle dysfunction, loss of muscle mass, and the dysfunction of the remaining muscles occur in COPD. Muscle dysfunction, which is defined as loss of strength or loss of endurance characteristics in muscles, is a comorbidity associated with poor outcomes such as frequent hospitalization and decreased survival, as well as adversely affecting exercise capacity and quality of life. Exercise increases mitochondrial activity and requires antioxidant defense to achieve cellular redox regulation. The effect of different physical exercise protocols on inflammatory markers, antioxidant balance, and metabolomics has not been fully elucidated. Oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolic responses to different acute exercise modalities in COPD patients need to be examined and clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the responses of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolomics to exercise. Detection of biomolecules that change with acute exercise may also contribute to the identification of exercise-related pathways.