A Multicenter Comparison of Fluconazole (UK-49,858) and Amphotericin B as Treatment for Acute Cryptococcal Meningitis

Inclusion Criteria Concurrent Medication: Allowed: Immunosuppressant therapy. Antiviral therapy such as zidovudine. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Concurrent Treatment: Allowed: Radiation therapy for mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Written informed consent must be obtained for each patient, either from the patient himself or from the patient's legal guardian. No prior systemic antifungal therapy for cryptococcosis. Relapse after prior therapy. Success of prior therapy must have been documented by negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture at the end of therapy. Following prior therapy, such patients may not have received more than 1 mg/kg/wk amphotericin B in the 4 weeks before entry into study. Prior Medication: Allowed: Immunosuppressant therapy. Antiviral therapy such as zidovudine. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Exclusion Criteria Co-existing Condition: Patients with the following are excluded: Evidence of acute or chronic meningitis based upon any etiology other than cryptococcosis. History of allergy to or intolerance of imidazoles, azoles, or amphotericin B. Moderate or severe liver disease. Comatose. Unlikely to survive more than 2 weeks. Concurrent Medication: Excluded within 4 weeks of study entry: Greater than 1 mg/kg/wk amphotericin B. Coumadin-type anticoagulants. Oral hypoglycemics. Barbiturates. Phenytoin. Immunostimulants. Investigational drugs or approved (licensed) drugs for investigational indications. Concurrent Treatment: Excluded: Lymphocyte replacement. Patients with the following are excluded: Evidence of acute or chronic meningitis based upon any etiology other than cryptococcosis. History of allergy to or intolerance of imidazoles, azoles, or amphotericin B. Moderate or severe liver disease. Comatose. Unlikely to survive more than 2 weeks. Prior Medication: Excluded within 4 weeks of study entry: Greater than 1 mg/kg/wk amphotericin B. Coumadin-type anticoagulants. Oral hypoglycemics. Barbiturates. Phenytoin. Immunostimulants. Investigational drugs or approved (licensed) drugs for investigational indications. Prior Treatment: Excluded: Lymphocyte replacement.