STOP-TICSTOP-TIC Study: Strengthening Tourette Treatment OPtions Using TMS to Improve CBIT

Patients will be randomly assigned to active or sham stimulation, with 10 in each group, followed by 10 weeks of tele-CBIT. Patients will have primary and secondary outcome measures performed at four time points: Baseline (T0), following rTMS (T1), following CBIT (T2), and 1 month later (T3). The rTMS protocol will consist of 6 trains targeted to the supplementary motor area (SMA) lasting 5 minutes each (300 pulses per train) with an intertrain interval of 1 minute for a total duration of 35 minutes (1800 pulses). Patients will receive 4 sessions each day on 4 consecutive days for a total of 16 sessions. Daily duration of this study protocol should last approximately 170 minutes including a 10 minute break in between each session. The sham protocol will be the same except a sham coil will be used instead of an active coil. Following rTMS, patients will undergo 10 weeks of tele-CBIT. The following outcome measures will be collected at four timepoints (T0, T1, T2, and T3): Tics will be examined with the standardized Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the modified Rush Videotape Tic Rating Scale (mRVTRS), and co-morbid symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Adult ADHD Self-Reports Scale (ASRS). Quality of life will be assessed with the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - Quality of Life scale (GTS-QOL). TMS measures: A single-pulse of TMS will be targeted over the motor cortex to generate a motor evoked potential (MEP), which can be captured on EMG. The rest of the EMG will be analyzed to assess the time between the TMS pulse and the MEP (also known as the latency) and the amount of time muscle activity remains silent following the MEP (also known as the cortical silent period). In a paired-pulse TMS paradigm, a subthreshold pulse will be provided followed by an interstimulus interval and then subsequent delivery of a suprathreshold pulse. When the interstimulus interval is short (1-4 msec), the ratio of MEP amplitudes produced by these two pulses is known as short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). fMRI measure: Functional MRI will be used to record Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) activity changes in patients at rest. HD-EEG measure: A 128-electrode cap will be used to assess electrical activity in patients at rest and actively trying to suppress their tics.