Decitabine and Valproic Acid for Relapsed/Refractory Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes

This study explores the combined use of Decitabine (5-aza-2'deoxycytidine) and Valproic Acid in treating patients with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes that have not responded well to previous treatments. The study is based on recent findings that suggest a combination of drugs that inhibit DNA methylation and those that inhibit histone deacetylase can work better together to reactivate silenced genes. Decitabine, a drug known for its DNA hypomethylator properties, has shown promise in fighting leukemia at low doses. Valproic Acid, a drug with histone acetylase activity, has been safely used for many years as an anti-seizure medication. The goal of this study is to find a more effective treatment approach for these conditions. The study aims to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Valproic Acid when used in combination with Decitabine. Participants will receive the treatment and their response will be evaluated after completing the first cycle, which lasts 4-8 weeks. The MTD is defined as the dose level at which less than two participants experience a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). This study is crucial in understanding the potential benefits and risks of this combined treatment approach.