Phase 1 Evaluation of the Impact of Coitus on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tenofovir 1% Gel Following Pericoital or Daily Gel Dosing

Study start date: November 1, 2012

Inclusion Criteria: Men and women must meet the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion in the study: Able and willing to provide the following: Written informed consent to be screened for and take part in the study Adequate locator information, as defined in site SOPs Per participant report, at low risk for HIV/STI. Low risk is defined as: No sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the 6 months prior to Screening No non-therapeutic intravenous drug use in the 18 months prior to Screening In a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner of the opposite sex for 6 months prior to Screening and the intent to stay in this relationship for the next 4 months At Screening and Enrollment, both partners independently report not using barrier contraception and/or barrier protection as part of normal coital routine and report the intent to continue said sexual practice for the duration of study participation HIV-uninfected based upon testing performed by study staff at Screening (per protocol algorithm) Agrees not to participate in other research studies involving drugs, medical devices, or genital and rectal products, or large blood draw studies during study participation Women must also meet the following criteria: Age 21 through 46 years (inclusive) at Screening, verified per site SOPs Pap result in the 12 calendar months prior to Screening consistent with Grade 0 according to the Female Genital Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies Addendum 1 to the DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 1.0, December 2004 (Clarification dated August 2009), or satisfactory evaluation with no treatment required of non-Grade 0 Pap result per American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines in the 12 calendar months prior to the Screening Visit Note: Women with a documented normal result within the 12 months prior to screening need not have a Pap smear during the screening period. Women with abnormal Pap smears can be enrolled upon completion of the initial phase of evaluation if no current treatment is indicated (based on local standard of care for management of abnormal cervical cytology). Need for a repeat Pap within 6 months does not preclude enrollment prior to that result becoming available. Must be currently using effective non-barrier contraception, other than a contraceptive vaginal ring, for at least three months prior to Screening (i.e., oral contraceptive, patch, injectable hormones, subdermal implants, intrauterine device, female or male sterilization) and intending to use this method for the course of the study Per participant report, regular menstrual cycles with at least 21 days between menses (does not apply to participants who report using a progestin-only method of contraception at screening, e.g., Depo-Provera) Note: This criterion is not applicable to participants using continuous combination oral contraceptive pills, as the absence of regular menstrual cycles is an expected, normal consequence in this context. Anatomy sufficient for performing pelvic examinations and for collecting vaginal and cervical specimens Female participants must also agree to abstain from intercourse (oral, anal, or penile-vaginal) and other vaginal practices (e.g., masturbation, douching, tampon use, application of lubricants/spermicides or other related practices) 72 hours prior to each follow-up visit. Men must also meet the following criteria: Age 21 or older at Screening, verified per site SOPs Agree to abstain from intercourse (oral, anal, or penile-vaginal) and other penile practices (e.g., masturbation, application of lubricants/spermicides or other related practices) 72 hours prior to each follow-up visit. Exclusion Criteria: Men and women who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study. Participant report of any of the following: Known allergy to the study product (ever) Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV exposure within 6 months prior to Screening Participation in any other research study involving drugs, medical devices, or genital products 30 days or less prior to Enrollment Plans to relocate away from the study site in the next 4 months History of domestic violence with current partner (ever) Systemic or topical antimicrobials within the last 7 days prior to Enrollment Currently using or planning to use pharmacologic immune modulator(s) At Screening or Enrollment, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) Note: Otherwise eligible participants diagnosed with UTI during screening are offered treatment and may be enrolled after completing treatment and all symptoms have resolved as long as treatment is completed and all symptoms have resolved within 30 days of obtaining informed consent for Screening/Enrollment. At Screening, has a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test result At Screening or Enrollment, has an STI or reproductive tract infection (RTI) requiring treatment per current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines Genital signs and/or symptoms of Grade 2 or higher Note: For female participants, cervical bleeding associated with speculum insertion and/or specimen collection judged to be within the range of normal according to the clinical judgment of the IoR/designee is considered expected non-menstrual bleeding and is not exclusionary. Note: Otherwise eligible participants with exclusionary genital findings may be enrolled after the findings have improved to a non-exclusionary severity grading or resolved as long as treatment is completed and all symptoms have resolved within 30 days of obtaining informed consent for Screening/Enrollment. Has any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator of Record (IoR)/designee, would preclude informed consent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives Women who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: Participant report (or clinical finding) of the following: Last pregnancy outcome 90 days or less prior to Enrollment Currently pregnant Note: Self-reported pregnancy is adequate for exclusion from the study. A documented negative pregnancy test performed by study staff is required for inclusion. Currently breastfeeding Intends to become pregnant in the next 4 months Gynecologic or genital procedure (e.g., tubal ligation, dilation and curettage) within the prior 30 days to Enrollment Note: This does not include biopsy for the evaluation of an abnormal pap result or endometrial biopsy that occurred more than 7 days prior to Enrollment. Any of the following laboratory abnormalities at Screening: Hemoglobin less than 10.0 g/dl Platelet count less than 100,000/mm3 Note: Otherwise eligible participants with an exclusionary test may be re-tested during the screening process Use of a vaginal douche or other intravaginal products (excluding tampon use) in the 30 days prior to Enrollment Currently menopausal or perimenopausal Men who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: Participant report of penile procedures (e.g. biopsy, circumcision) within 42 days prior to Enrollment For uncircumcised men, per participant report, treatment of candidal balanoposthitis/ balanitis within 30 days prior to Enrollment