IDThe 3D Immersive Display: Validation of a Virtual Reality Technique for Pain Control

This project compares the analgesic effect of the immersive Virtual Reality delivery method, the Firsthand ID, to the current standard of care HMD systems in a laboratory thermal pain test. Background and Significance- Although advances in medicine have lead to the development of numerous opioid analgesics, excess procedural pain continues to be a major point of concern for patients and health professionals in a clinical setting.1 Pharmacological analgesics, for treatment of acute pain, are unpopular among many patients due to the potential side effects, most commonly nausea, cognitive dysfunction, and constipation. 2 Within the past 10-15 years immersion immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction therapy has been employed to reduce procedural pain for burn victims with relative success. 3 Patients treated with VR along with standard medications reported reduction in pain and reduced time spent thinking about the pain during procedures. 4 In laboratory studies using functional neuroimaging (fMRI), subjects reporting pain reduction while using VR therapy, are also seen demonstrating a decrease in pain-related brain activity. 5 VR is believed to be effective based on gate theory of cognitive load, due to the fact that a person can only process a finite amount of incoming information and conscious attention is needed to perceive pain. 1,6 Consistent with this idea of the amount of information being an important factor in effectiveness, it has been shown that High-Tech-VR (60 degree field-of-view, user interactivity, sound effects, and head tracking) devices are more effective at analgesic therapy than is a Low-Tech-VR system (35 degree field-of-view, lack of: interactivity, sound effects and head tracking).1 More recently studies have shown that interactivity is an important factor of VR responsible for decreasing both pain unpleasantness and time spent thinking about pain, while increasing fun. 7 Interactivity is said to increase immersion into the VR world. 7 VR immersion, as defined by Slater and Wilber, is an objective, quantifiable description of the sensory input that a VR system can deliver to a subject. 8 This is a distinct entity separate from presence, which is the subjective psychological illusion of the world created in the users mind. 8. Increasing immersion facilitates a stronger illusion of presence and serves as a subsequent greater distractor effect thus, decreasing perception of the painful stimuli. A major obstacle to the wider testing and proliferation of the potential benefits of VR analgesia is due to the excessive cost and technical limitations of immersive display hardware, specifically head-mounted displays (HMDs). Firsthand has developed an arm-mounted high resolution 3D display, the Firsthand ID, which delivers a high quality image and immersive experience at significant cost savings compared to the current standard of care using HMDs. This project proposes a scientific feasibility study to compare the analgesic effect of the Firsthand ID to the current standard of care HMD systems in a laboratory thermal pain test.