Enhanced Implementation of Low Back Pain Guidelines in General Practice: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Introduction: There is a need for more knowledge on how to introduce new guidelines effectively in general practice. A new low back pain treatment guideline is implemented in Denmark. This guideline demands that patients with low back pain who have not improved after eight weeks of primary care treatment should be referred to a secondary care spine centre. Methods: This is a cluster randomized trial. One hundred general practices define clusters and are randomly allocated to enhanced or usual implementation of the new guideline. The practices are all situated in the North Denmark Region and count two hundred general practitioners (GPs). General practices in the control group will receive normal implementation of the new guideline, which include newsletters and briefings. In contrast the intervention group will receive an enhanced implementation strategy, adding visits from a consultant, two different stratification tools and feedback on guideline compliance. The two stratification tools: The STarT back screening tool (STarT) and a "Social and Occupational Screening" tool (SOS). The two screening tools subgroups patients and aids the clinicians in their choice of treatment. Discussion: To evaluate how change in behaviour may improve guideline adherence and patient treatment we plan two Ph.d. studies in relation to this study; one focusing on the clinical and an one on the economic aspects of the study. In addition a qualitative study is planned for patients refered to specialists in social medicine.