A Multidisciplinary Study of Breast Cancer in Ghana

Breast cancer is becoming a more common disease in Africa, with a high proportion of cases developing among women under age 50. Despite this, there is scant information on predisposing factors in African populations. We are proposing a multidisciplinary case-control study at three hospitals in Accra and Kumasi that treat the majority of breast cancers in Ghana. We have begun this investigation as a pilot endeavor and are seeking approval for continuation into a full-scale effort, which over the two years following the pilot will result in a total of approximately 2,000 interviewed cases and 2,000 population controls. Tumor tissue samples are being sought from cases in order to classify them into subtypes (including triple negative tumors, which predominate among young African women). A detailed questionnaire is being administered in hospital and anthropometry measurements are being taken. Additionally, subjects are being asked to donate blood, saliva, and stool samples for assessment of genetic and other biologic markers. Similar materials are being collected from population controls. In addition to providing unique data relevant for improving prevention activities, this study will build capacity for additional research activities in Ghana.